黃英碩 / 研究員

研究興趣

• 表面科學
• 掃描探針顯微術
• 表面原子,分子動態學
• 半導體磊晶成長機制
• 單原子針在電子束及離子束顯微技術的應用
• 成核及成長機制
• 奈米材料
• 固體與水界面
• 氣體在水中

獎項及殊榮

經歷

• 美國哈佛大學應用物理系博士後研究
• 本所助研究員、副研究員。國立清華大學材料科學與工程學系合聘教授

學術著作

期刊論文

• [1]     W.-H. Hsu, T.-C. Yen, C.-C. Chen, C.-W. Yang, C.-K. Fang, and I.-S. Hwang*, 2022, “Observation of mesoscopic clathrate structures in ethanol-water mixtures”, JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS, 366, 120299. (SCIE) (IF: 6.165; SCI ranking: 26.5%,10.8%)
  
  
• [2]     T.-C. Yen, W.-C. Huang, C.-Y. Lin, M.-C. Chen,* K.-H.n Lin* and I.-S. Hwang*, 2022, “Reliable Preparation and Regeneration of Well-Defined Single-Atom Tips through Laser Annealing”, NANOSCALE ADVANCES, 4, 4138-4143. (SCIE) (IF: 4.553; SCI ranking: 34.1%,33.6%,51.4%)
  
  
• [3]     H.-S. Liao, C. Werner, R. Slipets, P. E. Larsen, T.-J. Chang, H. U. Danzebrink, I.-S. Hwang, K.-Y. Hwang, and E.-T. Hwu*, 2022, “Low-Cost, Open-Source XYZ Nanopositioner for High-Precision Analytical Applications”, Hardware X, 11, e00317. (SCIE)
  
  
• [4]     He-Chun Chou , Chung-Kai Fang, Pei-Yun Chung, Jia-Ru Yu, Wei-Ssu Liao, Su-Hua Chen, Peilin Chen, Ing-Shouh Hwang, Jiun-Tai Chen*, and Chi Chen*, 2021, “Structural and Optical Identification of Planar Side-Chain Stacking P3HT Nanowires”, MACROMOLECULES, 54, 23, 10750-10757. (SCIE) (IF: 5.985; SCI ranking: 8.8%)
  
  
• [5]     Wei-Hao Hsu, Ing-Shouh Hwang*, 2021, “Investigating States of Gas in Water Encapsulated between Graphene Layers”, Chemical Science, 12, 2635-2645. (SCIE) (IF: 9.825; SCI ranking: 12.3%)
  
  
• [6]     Tram Nhu Hoang Tran, Tam Hoang Le, Hanh Kieu Thi Ta, Y Thi Dang, Linh Thuy Ho Nguyen, Tan Hoang Le Doan, Chung-Kai Fang, Ing-Shouh Hwang, Thang Bach Phan, Ngoc Kim Pham*, 2021, “C-AFM study on multi-resistive switching modes observed in metal–organic frameworks thin films”, Organic Electronics, 93, 106136. (SCIE) (IF: 3.721; SCI ranking: 43.5%,30%)
  
  
• [7]     Ya-Ling Chiang, Yu-Jen Chang, Yun-Ru Chen*, and Ing-Shouh Hwang*, 2020, “Effects of Dissolved Gases on Amyloid Fibril Morphology”, LANGMUIR, acs.langmuir.0c03215. (SCIE) (IF: 3.882; SCI ranking: 39.1%,44.4%,41.1%)
  
  
• [8]     Jia-Ru Yu, He-Chun Chou, Chih-Wen Yang, Wei-Ssu Liao, Ing-Shouh Hwang, and Chi Chen*, 2020, “A horizontal-type scanning near-field optical microscope with torsional mode operation toward high-resolution and non-destructive imaging of soft materials”, REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS, 91, 073703. (SCIE) (IF: 1.523; SCI ranking: 71.9%,77.5%)
  
  
• [9]     Chih-Wen Yang, Ching-Hsiu Chen, Ren-Feng Ding, Hsien-Shun Liao*, Ing-Shouh Hwang*, 2020, “Multiparametric Characterization of Heterogeneous Soft Materials using Contact Point Detection-Based Atomic Force Microscopy”, APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE, 522, 146423. (SCIE) (IF: 6.707; SCI ranking: 22.8%,4.8%,18.8%,23.2%)
  
  
• [10]     J. Majorošová, N. Tomašovičová*,V. Gdovinová, C. W. Yang, M.aBatkova, I. Batko, M. Demčaková, K. Csach, M. Kubovčíková, S. Hayryan, I.-S. Hwang, C. K. Hu, P. Kopčanský,, 2019, “Self-assembly of hen egg white lysozyme fibrils doped with magnetic particles”, JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS, 471, 400–405. (SCIE) (IF: 2.993; SCI ranking: 56%,47.8%)
  
  
• [11]     Yi-Hsien Lee, Chung-Kai Fang, Shih-Hsin Chang, Rakesh Kumar, Kuntal Chatterjee and Ing-Shouh Hwang*, 2019, “Non-Classical Nucleation Pathways Revealed by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of Epitaxy of Covalent Materials”, APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE, 500, 143986. (SCIE) (IF: 6.707; SCI ranking: 22.8%,4.8%,18.8%,23.2%)
  
  
• [12]     Chih-Wen Yang, Keisuke Miyazawa, Takeshi Fukuma* Kazuki Miyata, Ing-Shouh Hwang*, 2018, “Direct comparison between subnanometer hydration structures on hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces via three-dimensional scanning force microscopy”, PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS, 20, 23522 - 23527. (SCIE) (IF: 3.676; SCI ranking: 47.5%,21.6%)
  
  
• [13]     Chia-Wei Lee, Ya-Ling Chiang, Ji-Ting Liu, Yi-Xian Chen, Chau-Hwang Lee,* Yeng-Long Chen,* and Ing-Shouh Hwang*, 2018, “Emerging Roles of Air Gases in Lipid Bilayers”, SMALL, 14, 1802133. (SCIE) (IF: 13.281; SCI ranking: 10.1%,8.6%,7.4%,12.1%,6.9%,10.1%)
  
  
• [14]     Min-Shao Tsai, Ming-Tsai Chiang, Dong-Lin Tsai, Chi-Wen Yang, Hsien-San Hou, Yi-Ru Li, Po-Chiao Chang, Heng-Huei Lin, Huan-Yuan Chen, Ing-Shouh Hwang, Pei-Kuen Wei, Chiao-Po Hsu, Kuo-I Lin, and Fu-Tong Liu, Lee-Young Chau*, 2018, “Galectin-1 Restricts Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Motility Via Modulating Adhesion Force and Focal Adhesion Dynamics”, SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, 8,11497. (SCIE) (IF: 4.38; SCI ranking: 23.3%)
  
  
• [15]     Hsien-Shun Liao*, Chih-Wen Yang, Hsien-Chen Ko, En-Te Hwu, Ing-Shouh Hwang, 2018, “maging initial formation processes of nanobubbles at the graphite–water interface through high-speed atomic force microscopy”, APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE, 434, 913-917. (SCIE) (IF: 6.707; SCI ranking: 22.8%,4.8%,18.8%,23.2%)
  
  
• [16]     Chun-Yueh Lin, Wei-Tse Chang, Wei-Hao Hsu, Mu-Tung Chang, Yi-Sheng Chen, En-Te Hwu, Wun-Cin Huang and Ing-Shouh Hwang*, 2018, “Low-voltage coherent electron microscopy based on a highly coherent electron source built from a nanoemitter”, JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B, 36, 032901. (SCIE) (IF: 1.416; SCI ranking: 76.9%,93.5%,80.6%)
  
  
• [17]     Chih-Wen Yang, Kwan-tai Leung*, Ren-Feng Ding, Hsien-Chen Ko, Yi-Hsien Lu, Chung-Kai Fang, and Ing-Shouh Hwang*, 2018, “Lateral Force Microscopy of Interfacial Nanobubbles: Friction Reduction and Novel Frictional Behavior”, SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, 8, 3125. (SCIE) (IF: 4.38; SCI ranking: 23.3%)
  
  
• [18]     A. Pooch, M. Seidling, N. Kerker, R. Röpke, A. Rembold, W.T. Chang, I.S. Hwang and A. Stibor*, 2018, “Coherent properties of a tunable low energy electron matter wave source”, PHYSICAL REVIEW A, 97, 013611. (SCIE) (IF: 3.14; SCI ranking: 31.3%,27%)
  
  
• [19]     Rakesh Kumar, Chih-Hao Lee, Ing-Shouh Hwang*, 2017, “Manipulation of single Si adatoms and observation of fast diffusion of Si dimers on a Pb-covered Si(111) surface”, Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, 35, 041405. (SCIE) (IF: 2.427; SCI ranking: 61.9%,53.8%)
  
  
• [20]     Rakesh Kumar, Chuang-Kai Fang, Chih-Hao Lee, Ing-Shouh Hwang *, 2017, “Adsorption and dynamics of Si atoms at the monolayer Pb/Si(111) surface”, PHYSICAL REVIEW B, 95,, 245311. (SCIE) (IF: 4.036; SCI ranking: 38.7%,25.6%,31.9%)
  
  
• [21]     W.-C. Lai, C.-Y. Lin, W.-T. Chang, P.-C. Li, T.-Y. Fu, C.-S. Chang, T. T. Tsong, I.-S. Hwang*, 2017, “Xenon gas field ion source from a single-atom tip”, NANOTECHNOLOGY, 28, 255301. (SCIE) (IF: 3.874; SCI ranking: 41.4%,55.1%,27.5%)
  
  
• [22]     A. Rembold, G. Schütz, R. Röpke, W.T. Chang, I.S. Hwang, A. Günther and A. Stibor*, 2017, “Vibrational dephasing in matter wave interferometers”, NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS, 19, 033009. (SCIE) (IF: 3.732; SCI ranking: 25.6%)
  
  
• [23]     Tatiana Latychevskaia*, Wei-Hao Hsu, Wei-Tse Chang, Chun-Yueh Lin and Ing-Shouh Hwang*, 2017, “Three-dimensional surface topography of graphene by divergent beam electron diffraction”, NATURE COMMUNICATIONS, 8, 14440. (SCIE) (IF: 14.919; SCI ranking: 5.5%)
  
  
• [24]     C.-J. Chen, J.-R. Huang*, I.-S. Hwang, H. J. Choi, P.-Y. Lai and C. K. Chan*, 2017, “Effect of degassing on the aggregation of carbon nanotubes dispersed in water”, EPL, 120, 16004. (SCIE) (IF: 1.947; SCI ranking: 54.7%)
  
  
• [25]     Wei-Hao Hsu,Wei-Tse Chang, Chun-Yueh Lin, Mu-Tung Chang, Chia-Tso Hsieh, Chang-Ran Wang, Wei-Li Lee, and Ing-Shouh Hwang*, 2017, “Low-energy electron point projection microscopy/diffraction study of suspended graphene”, APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE, 423, 266-274. (SCIE) (IF: 6.707; SCI ranking: 22.8%,4.8%,18.8%,23.2%)
  
  
• [26]     Ren-Feng Ding, Chih-Wen Yang*, Kuang-Yuh Huang and Ing-Shouh Hwang*, 2016, “High-sensitivity imaging with lateral resonance mode atomic force microscopy”, Nanoscale, 8, 18421-18427. (SCIE) (IF: 7.79; SCI ranking: 17.9%,18.5%,27.1%,14.4%)
  
  
• [27]     Jin-Long Hou, Wei-Tse Chang*, Chih-Chiang Shih, Yu-Fong Yu, Tsu-Yi Fu, and Ing-Shouh Hwang*, 2016, “A nanoemitter based on a superconducting material”, APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 108, 263107. (SCIE) (IF: 3.791; SCI ranking: 29.4%)
  
  
• [28]     29. Hsien-Chen Ko, Wei-Hao Hsu, Chih-Wen Yang, Chung-Kai Fang, Yi-Hsien Lu, Ing-Shouh Hwang*, 2016, “High-Resolution Characterization of Preferential Gas Adsorption at the Graphene-Water Interface”, LANGMUIR, 32 (43), 11164–11171. (SCIE) (IF: 3.882; SCI ranking: 39.1%,44.4%,41.1%)
  
  
• [29]     Chung-Kai Fang, Hsien-Chen Ko, Chih-Wen Yang, Yi-Hsien Lu, and Ing-Shouh Hwang*, 2016, “Nucleation processes of nanobubbles at a solid/water interface”, Scientific Reports, 6, 24651. (SCIE) (IF: 4.38; SCI ranking: 23.3%)
  
  
• [30]     Chun-Yueh Lin, Wei-Tse Chang, Wei-Hao Hsu, Yi-Sheng Chen, En-Te Hwu, Chia-Seng Chang, and Ing-Shouh Hwang*, 2016, “ Low-kilovolt coherent electron diffractive imaging instrument based on a single-atom electron source”, JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A, 34, 021602. (SCIE) (IF: 2.427; SCI ranking: 61.9%,53.8%)
  
  
• [31]     Yu-Jen Chang, U-Ser Jeng, Ya-Ling Chiang, Ing-Shouh Hwang and Yun-Ru Chen*, 2016, “Glycine-Alanine Dipeptide Repeat from C9orf72 Hexanucleotide Expansions Forms Toxic Amyloids Possessing Cell-to-cell Transmission Property”, JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY, 291, 4903-4911. (SCIE) (IF: 5.157; SCI ranking: 29%)
  
  
• [32]     Ya-Ling Chiang, Yuan-Chih Chang, I-Chen Chiang, Huey-Ming Mak, Ing-Shouh Hwang*, Yu-Ling Shih*, 2015, “Atomic force microscopy characterization of protein fibrils formed by the amyloidogenic region of the bacterial protein MinE on mica and a supported lipid bilayer ”, PLoS One, 10(11), e0142506. (SCIE) (IF: 3.24; SCI ranking: 35.6%)
  
  
• [33]     Yi-Hsien Lu, Chih-Wen Yang, Chung-Kai Fang, Hsien-Chen Ko, and Ing-Shouh Hwang*, 2014, “Interface-Induced Ordering of Gas Molecules Confined in a Small Space”, Scientific Reports, 4, 7189. (SCIE) (IF: 4.38; SCI ranking: 23.3%)
  
  
• [34]     H.-S. Liao, Y.-H. Chen, R.-F. Ding, H.-F. Huang, W.-M. Wang, E.-T. Hwu, K.-Y. Huang, C.-S. Chang, I.-S. Hwang*, 2014, “High-speed atomic force microscope based on an astigmatic detection system”, REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS, 85, 103710. (SCIE) (IF: 1.523; SCI ranking: 71.9%,77.5%)
  
  
• [35]      M. Zheng, Y.-L. Chiang, H.-L. Lee, L.-R. Kong, S.-T. D. Hsu, I.-S. Hwang, L. I. Rothfield, and Y.-L.Shih*, 2014, “Self-Assembly of MinE on the Membrane Underlies Formation of the MinE-Ring to Sustain Function of the E. coli Min System”, JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY, 289, 21252-21266. (SCIE) (IF: 5.157; SCI ranking: 29%)
  
  
• [36]     Yi-Hsien Lu, Chih-Wen Yang, and Ing-Shouh Hwang*, 2014, “Atomic Force Microscopy Study of Nitrogen Molecule Self-Assembly at the HOPG-Water Interface”, APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE, 304, 56-64. (SCIE) (IF: 6.707; SCI ranking: 22.8%,4.8%,18.8%,23.2%)
  
  
• [37]      G. Schütz, A. Rembold, A. Pooch, S. Meier, P. Schneeweiss, A. Rauschenbeutel, A. Günther, W. T. Chang, I. S. Hwang, A. Stibor*, 2014, “Biprism electron interferometry with a single atom tip source”, ULTRAMICROSCOPY, 141, 9. (SCIE) (IF: 2.689; SCI ranking: 44.4%)
  
  
• [38]     A. Rembold, G. Schütz, W. T. Chang, A. Stefanov, A. Pooch, I. S. Hwang, A. Günther,* and A. Stibor, 2014, “Correction of dephasing oscillations in matter-wave interferometry”, PHYSICAL REVIEW A, 89, 033635. (SCIE) (IF: 3.14; SCI ranking: 31.3%,27%)
  
  
• [39]     Wei-Min Wang, Kuang-Yuh Huang, Hsuan-Fu Huang, Ing-Shouh Hwang, and En-Te Hwu*, 2013, “Low-Voltage and High-Performance Buzzer-Scanner Based Streamlined Atomic Force Microscope System”, NANOTECHNOLOGY, 24, 455503.. (SCIE) (IF: 3.874; SCI ranking: 41.4%,55.1%,27.5%)
  
  
• [40]      H.-S. Liao, K.-Y. Huang, I.-S. Hwang, T.-J. Chang, Wesley W. Hsiao, H.-H. Lin, E.-T. Hwu, and C.-S. Chang*, 2013, “Operation of Astigmatic-Detection Atomic Force Microscopy in Liquid Environments”, REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS, 84, 103709.. (SCIE) (IF: 1.523; SCI ranking: 71.9%,77.5%)
  
  
• [41]     C.-W. Yang*, R.-F. Ding, S.-H. Lai, H.-S. Liao, W.-C. Lai, K.-Y. Huang , C.-S. Chang, and I.-S. Hwang, 2013, “Torsional Resonance Mode Atomic Force Microscopy in Liquid with Lorentz Force Actuation”, NANOTECHNOLOGY, 24,305702. (SCIE) (IF: 3.874; SCI ranking: 41.4%,55.1%,27.5%)
  
  
• [42]     C.-W. Yang*, R.-F. Ding, S.-H. Lai, H.-S. Liao, W.-C. Lai, K.-Y. Huang , C.-S. Chang, and I.-S. Hwang, 2013, “Torsional Resonance Mode Atomic Force Microscopy in Liquid with Lorentz Force Actuation”, Nanotechnology, 24, 305702. (SCIE) (IF: 3.874; SCI ranking: 41.4%,55.1%,27.5%)
  
  
• [43]     C.-W. Yang, Y.-H. Lu, and I.-S. Hwang, 2013, “Imaging surface nanobubbles at graphite/water interfaces with different atomic force microscopy modes”, JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER, 25, 184010. (SCIE) (IF: 2.333; SCI ranking: 59.4%)
  
  
• [44]     Ing-Shouh Hwang,* Che-Cheng Chang, Chien-Hung Lu, Shih-Chin Liu, Yuan-Chih Chang, Ting-Kuo Lee, Horng-Tay Jeng, Hong-Shi Kuo, Chun-Yueh Lin, Chia-Seng Chang, Tien T. Tsong,, 2013, “Investigation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with a Low-Energy Electron Point Projection Microscope”, NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS, 15, 043015. (SCIE) (IF: 3.732; SCI ranking: 25.6%)
  
  
• [45]      Ing-Shouh Hwang,* Che-Cheng Chang, Chien-Hung Lu, Shih-Chin Liu, Yuan-Chih Chang, Ting-Kuo Lee, Horng-Tay Jeng, Hong-Shi Kuo, Chun-Yueh Lin, Chia-Seng Chang, Tien T. Tsong,, 2013, “Investigation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with a Low-Energy Electron Point Projection Microscope”, NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS, s 15, 043015. (SCIE) (IF: 3.732; SCI ranking: 25.6%)
  
  
• [46]      En-Te Hwu, Ching-Hsiu Chen, Filippo G Bosco, Wei-MinWang, Hsien-Chen Ko, Ing-Shouh Hwang, Anja Boisen and Kuang-Yuh Huang, 2013, “High-performance spinning device for DVD-based micromechanical signal transduction”, J. Micromech. Microeng., 23, 045016. (SCIE) (IF: 1.881; SCI ranking: 65.2%,60.9%,82.2%,65.6%)
  
  
• [47]     En-Te Hwu, Ching-Hsiu Chen, Filippo G Bosco, Wei-MinWang, Hsien-Chen Ko, Ing-Shouh Hwang, Anja Boisen and Kuang-Yuh Huang, 2013, “High-performance spinning device for DVD-based micromechanical signal transduction”, JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING, 23 045016. (SCIE) (IF: 1.881; SCI ranking: 65.2%,60.9%,82.2%,65.6%)
  
  
• [48]     Chih-Wen Yang, and Yi-Hsien Lu, Ing-Shouh Hwang, 2013, “Condensation of Dissolved Gas Molecules at a Hydrophobic/Water Interface”, CHINESE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS, 51, 174-186.. (SCIE) (IF: 3.237; SCI ranking: 33.7%)
  
  
• [49]     Chih-Wen Yang, and Yi-Hsien Lu, Ing-Shouh Hwang*, 2013, “Condensation of Dissolved Gas Molecules at a Hydrophobic/Water Interface”, CHINESE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS, 51, 174-186.. (SCIE) (IF: 3.237; SCI ranking: 33.7%)
  
  
• [50]     Ing-Shouh Hwang*, Chih-Wen Yang , Ping-Hsiang Su, En-Te Hwu, Hsien-Shun Liao, 2012, “Imaging Soft Matters in Water with Torsional Mode Atomic Force Microscopy”, Ultramicroscopy, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2012.07.001. (SCIE) (IF: 2.689; SCI ranking: 44.4%)
  
  
• [51]     En-Te Hwu*, Hartmut Illers, Ing-Souh Hwang, Lutz Jusko and Hans-Ulrich Danzebrink, 2012, “Anti-drift and auto-alignment mechanism for an atomic force microscope with a DVD optical head”, Review of Scientific Instrument, 83, 013703. (SCIE) (IF: 1.523; SCI ranking: 71.9%,77.5%)
  
  
• [52]     W.-T. Chang, I.-S. Hwang*, M.-T. Chang, C.-Y. Lin, W.-H. Hsu and J.-L. Hou, 2012, “Method of Electrochemical Etching of Tungsten Tips with Controllable Profiles”, REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS, 83, 083704. (SCIE) (IF: 1.523; SCI ranking: 71.9%,77.5%)
  
  
• [53]     Yi-Hsien Lu, Chih-Wen Yang , Ing-Shouh Hwang, 2012, “Molecular Layer of Gas-like Domains at a Hydrophobic-Water Interface Observed by Frequency-Modulation Atomic Force Microscopy”, LANGMUIR, 28, 12691. (SCIE) (IF: 3.882; SCI ranking: 39.1%,44.4%,41.1%)
  
  
• [54]      F.G. Bosco, M. Bache, E.-T. Hwu, C.H. Chen, S.S. Andersen, K.A. Nielsen, S.S.Keller, J.O. Jeppesen, I.-S. Hwang, A. Boisen,, 2012, “Statistical analysis of DNT detection using chemically functionalized microcantilever arrays”, SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL, 171-172. (SCIE) (IF: 7.46; SCI ranking: 8%,17.2%,4.7%)
  
  
• [55]     F.G. Bosco, M. Bache, E.-T. Hwu, C.H. Chen, S.S. Andersen, K.A. Nielsen, S.S.Keller, J.O. Jeppesen, I.-S. Hwang, A. Boisen, 2012, “Statistical analysis of DNT detection using chemically functionalized microcantilever arrays”, Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical, 171-172, 1054.
  
  
• [56]     Filippo G. Bosco*, En-Te Hwu, Ching-Hsiu Chen, Stephan Keller, Michael Bache, Mogens H. Jakobsen, Ing-Shouh Hwang and Anja Boisen, 2011, “High throughput label-free platform for statistical bio-molecular sensing”, LAB ON A CHIP, 11, 2411-2416. (SCIE) (IF: 6.799; SCI ranking: 9%,10.3%,20.7%,7.8%,31.8%)
  
  
• [57]     Tien-Chih Chang, Kuntal Chatterjee, Shih-Hsin Chang, Yi-Hsien Lee, Ing-Shouh Hwang*, 2011, “Nucleation and Growth of Si on Pb Monolayer covered Si(111) Surfaces”, SURFACE SCIENCE, 605卷, 1249-1256. (SCIE) (IF: 1.942; SCI ranking: 78.4%,65.2%)
  
  
• [58]      K. Chatterjee*, T.-C. Chang, S.-H. Chang, I. Po Hong and I.-S. Hwang, 2011, “Growth of Si Atomic Wires on Pb-Mediated Si(111) 7 × 7 Substrate”, International Journal of Nanoscience, 10卷, 129-133.
  
  
• [59]     Ing-Shouh Hwang,* Chung-Kai Fang, Shih-Hsin Chang, 2011, “Effects of boundaries and point defects on energetics and dynamics of domain walls”, PHYSICAL REVIEW B, 83卷, 134119. (SCIE) (IF: 4.036; SCI ranking: 38.7%,25.6%,31.9%)
  
  
• [60]     H.-T. Jeng*, H.-S. Kuo, I.-S. Hwang, T.T. Tsong,, 2010, “High stability and electronic structures of noble-metal covered W(111) atom perfect pyramidal tips”, PHYSICAL REVIEW B, 81, 155424. (SCIE) (IF: 4.036; SCI ranking: 38.7%,25.6%,31.9%)
  
  
• [61]     Chih-Wen Yang, Ing-Shouh Hwang, 2010, “oft-contact imaging in liquid with frequency-modulation torsion resonance mode atomic force microscopy”, NANOTECHNOLOGY, 21, 065710. (SCIE) (IF: 3.874; SCI ranking: 41.4%,55.1%,27.5%)
  
  
• [62]     Chih-Wen Yang, Ing-Shouh Hwang*, 2010, “Soft-contact imaging in liquid with frequency-modulation torsion resonance mode atomic force microscopy”, NANOTECHNOLOGY, 21, 065710. (SCIE) (IF: 3.874; SCI ranking: 41.4%,55.1%,27.5%)
  
  
• [63]     Y. C. Liao, C. K. Yang, T. L. Wu, I. S. Hwang, M. K. Wu, and C. C. Ch, 2010, “Evolution of surface to bulk tunneling spectrum by scanning tunneling microscopy”, PHYSICAL REVIEW B, 81, 195435. (SCIE) (IF: 4.036; SCI ranking: 38.7%,25.6%,31.9%)
  
  
• [64]     Ing-Shouh Hwang*, Hong-Shi Kuo, Che-Cheng Chang and Tien T. Tsong, 2009, “Noble-Metal Covered W(111) Single-Atom Electron Sources”, Electrochem, Soc. 157, Issue 2, pp. P7-P12..
  
  
• [65]     Ing-Shouh Hwang*, Hong-Shi Kuo, Che-Cheng Chang and Tien T. Tsong,, 2009, “Noble-Metal Covered W(111) Single-Atom Electron Sources”, ECS Trans, 25, 3-18.
  
  
• [66]     Hong-Shi Kuo, Ing-Shouh Hwang*, Tsu-Yi Fu, Ying-Siang Hwang, Yi-Hsien Lu, Chun-Yueh Lin, Jin-Long Hou,and Tien T. Tsong, 2009, “Single-atom sharp iridium tip as an emitter of gas field ion sources”, Nanotechnology, 20, 335701. (SCIE) (IF: 3.874; SCI ranking: 41.4%,55.1%,27.5%)
  
  
• [67]     Hong-Shi Kuo, Ing-Shouh Hwan, Tsu-Yi Fu, Ying-Siang Hwang, Yi-Hsien Lu, Chun-Yueh Lin, Jin-Long Hou,and Tien T. Tsong, 2009, “Single-atom sharp iridium tip as an emitter of gas field ion sources”, Nanotechnology, 20, 335701. (SCIE) (IF: 3.874; SCI ranking: 41.4%,55.1%,27.5%)
  
  
• [68]     Che-Cheng Chang, Hong-Shi Kuo, Ing-Shouh Hwang*, and Tien T. Tsong, 2009, “Fully coherent electron beam from a noble-metal covered W(111) single-atom emitter”, Nanotechnology, 20, 115401. (SCIE) (IF: 3.874; SCI ranking: 41.4%,55.1%,27.5%)
  
  
• [69]     E. Rokuta*, H.-S. Kuo, T. Itagaki, K. Nomura, T. Ishikawa, B.-L. Cho, I.-S. Hwang, T.T. Tsong, C. Oshima, 2008, “Field emission spectra of single-atom tips with thermodynamically stable structures”, Surface Science, 602, 2508. (SCIE) (IF: 1.942; SCI ranking: 78.4%,65.2%)
  
  
• [70]     Shih-Hsin Chang, Chung-Kai Fang, Ing-Shouh Hwang*, and Tien T. Tsong, 2008, “Adsorption and Motions of C60 Molecules at a Pb-Covered Si(111) Surface”, Physical Review B, 77, 155421. (SCIE) (IF: 4.036; SCI ranking: 38.7%,25.6%,31.9%)
  
  
• [71]     Hong-Shi Kuo, Ing-Shouh Hwang, Tsu-Yi Fu, Yi-Hsien Lu, Chun-Yueh Lin, and Tien T. Tsong, 2008, “Gas field ion emission from an Ir/W<111> single-atom point source”, Appl. Phys. Lett., 92, 063106. (SCIE) (IF: 3.791; SCI ranking: 29.4%)
  
  
• [72]     En-Te Hwu, Shao-Kang Hung, Chih-Wen Yang, Kuang-Yuh Huang and Ing-Shouh Hwang, 2008, “Real-time detection of linear and angular displacements with a modified DVD optical head”, Nanotechnology, 19, 115501. (SCIE) (IF: 3.874; SCI ranking: 41.4%,55.1%,27.5%)
  
  
• [73]     Tsu-Yi Fu*, Yu-Chun Lin, Hong-Shi Kuo, Ing-Shouh Hwang, Tien T. Tsong, 2007, “Study of two types of Ir or Rh covered single atom pyramidal W tips”, SURFACE SCIENCE, 601, 3992. (SCIE) (IF: 1.942; SCI ranking: 78.4%,65.2%)
  
  
• [74]     Chih-Wen Yang, Ing-Shouh Hwang*,Yen Fu Chen, Chia Seng Chang and Din Ping Tsai, January, 2007, “Imaging of soft matters with tapping-mode AFM and NC-AFM”, Nanotechnology, 18, 084009. (SCIE) (IF: 3.874; SCI ranking: 41.4%,55.1%,27.5%)
  
  
• [75]     E.-T. Hwu, S.-K. Hung, C.-W. Yang, K.-Y. Huang and I.-S. Hwang*, 2007, “Simultaneous detection of translational and angular displacements of micromachined elements”, Appl. Phys. Lett., 91, 221908. (SCIE) (IF: 3.791; SCI ranking: 29.4%)
  
  
• [76]     T.Itagaki, E.Rokuta, H.-S. Kuo, K.Nomura, T.Ishikawa, B.-L. Cho, I.-S. Hwang, T.T.Tsong, and C.Oshima, 2007, “Stabilities in field electron emissions from noble-metal covered W nanotips: Apex structure dependence”, Surf. Interface Anal., 39, 299-303. (SCIE) (IF: 1.607; SCI ranking: 86.4%)
  
  
• [77]     Hong-Shi Kuo, Ing-Shouh Hwang*, Tsu-Yi Fu, Yu-Chun Lin, Che-Cheng Chang, and Tien T. Tsong, 2006, “Noble Metal/W(111) Single-Atom Tips and their Field Electron and Ion Emission Characteristics”, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 45, 8972-8983. (SCIE) (IF: 1.48; SCI ranking: 78.8%)
  
  
• [78]     H.-S. Kuo, I.-S. Hwang*, T.-Y. Fu, Y.-C. Lin, C.-C. Chang, and T. T. Tsong, 2006, “Preparation of Single-Atom Tips and Their Field Emission Behaviors”, e-Journal of Surface Science and Nanotechnology, 4, 233-238.
  
  
• [79]     Ing-Shouh Hwang* and Tien T. Tsong, 2006, “Comment on Direct Identification of Critical Clusters in Chemical Vapor Deposition”, Physical Review Letters, 97, 32767. (SCIE) (IF: 9.161; SCI ranking: 8.1%)
  
  
• [80]     E.-T. Hwu, K.-Y. Huang, S.-K. Hung, and I.-S. Hwang*, 2006, “Measurement of the Cantilever Displacement Using a CD/DVD Pickup Head”, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 45(3B), 2368-2371.
  
  
• [81]      Shao-Kang Hung, En-Te Hwu, Ing-Shouh Hwang*, Li-Chen Fu, 2006, “Post-Fitting Control Scheme for Periodic Piezo-Scanner Driving”, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 45(3B), 1917-1921. (SCIE) (IF: 1.48; SCI ranking: 78.8%)
  
  
• [82]     Rong-Li Lo*, Chun-Ming Chang, Ing-Shouh Hwang, and Tien T. Tsong, 2006, “Observation of single oxygen atoms decomposed from water molecules on Si(111)-7x7 surface”, Physical Review B, 73, 32767. (SCIE) (IF: 4.036; SCI ranking: 38.7%,25.6%,31.9%)
  
  
• [83]      C. Oshima*, E. Rokuta,T. Itagaki, T. Ishikawa, B. Cho, H.-S. Kuo, I.-S. Hwang and T. T. Tsong, 2005, “Demountable Single-Atom Electron Source”, e-Journal of Surface Science and Nanotechnology, 3, 412-416.
  
  
• [84]     I.-S. Hwang*, S.-H. Chang, C.-K. Fang, L.-J. Chen, T. T. Tsong, 2005, “Hydrogen-adsorption induced atomic rearrangement of a Pb monolayer on Si(111)”, PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 94, 045505. (SCIE) (IF: 9.161; SCI ranking: 8.1%)
  
  
• [85]     I.-S. Hwang*, S.-H. Chang, C.-K. Fang, L.-J. Chen, T. T. Tsong, 2005, “Observation of finite-size effects on a structural phase transition of 2D nano-domains”, CHINESE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS, 43((1): Part 2), 182-189. (SCIE) (IF: 3.237; SCI ranking: 33.7%)
  
  
• [86]     Ho MS, Hwang IS and Tsong TT, 2005, “Biased diffusion of Si magic clusters on Si(111) surface”, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 97((2): Art. No. 023522). (SCIE) (IF: 2.546; SCI ranking: 49.4%)
  
  
• [87]     H.-S. Kuo, I.-S. Hwang*, T.-Y. Fu, J.-Y. Wu, C.-C. Chang, and T.T. Tsong, 2004, “Preparation and characterization of single-atom tips”, NANO LETTERS, 4(12), 2379-2382. (SCIE) (IF: 11.189; SCI ranking: 11.2%,13.6%,9.5%,14%,9.4%,15.9%)
  
  
• [88]     I.-S. Hwang*, S.-H. Chang, C.-K. Fang, L.-J. Chen, T. T. Tsong, 2004, “Probing dynamics of a phase transition of two-dimensional nano-domains with STM imaging and manipulation”, SURFACE SCIENCE, 572(1), L331~L337. (SCIE) (IF: 1.942; SCI ranking: 78.4%,65.2%)
  
  
• [89]     I.-S. Hwang*, S.-H. Chang, C.-K. Fang, L.-J. Chen, T. T. Tsong, 2004, “Observation of finite-size effects on a structural phase transition of 2D nanoislands”, PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 93, 106101. (SCIE) (IF: 9.161; SCI ranking: 8.1%)
  
  
• [90]     Ho MS, Hwang IS and Tsong TT, 2004, “Formation of Si clusters and their role in homoepitaxial growth on Si(111)-7 x 7 surfaces”, SURFACE SCIENCE, 564(1-3), 93-107. (SCIE) (IF: 1.942; SCI ranking: 78.4%,65.2%)
  
  
• [91]     R.-L. Lo, I.-S. Hwang*, and T.T. Tsong, 2003, “Direct observation of atomic steps in dissociation of single water molecules and hopping motion of single oxygen atoms at silicon (111)-7x7 surfaces”, SURFACE SCIENCE, 530(1-2), L302~L306. (SCIE) (IF: 1.942; SCI ranking: 78.4%,65.2%)
  
  
• [92]     M-H. Tsai*, Y.-H. Tang, I.-S. Hwang, T.T.Tsong, 2002, “Molecular adsorption of an O2 molecule on the Si(111) surface”, PHYSICAL REVIEW B, 66. 241304. (SCIE) (IF: 4.036; SCI ranking: 38.7%,25.6%,31.9%)
  
  
• [93]     I.-S. Hwang*, R.-L. Lo, M.-S. Ho, and T.T. Tsong, 2002, “Scanning Tunneling Microscope Study of Dynamic Processes of Single Atoms, Molecules, and Clusters on Si(111) Surfaces”, AAPPS Bulletin, 12, 9. (Others)
  
  
• [94]      I.-S. Hwang*, M.-S. Ho, and T.T. Tsong, 2002, “Dynamic Behavior of Si Magic Clusters on Si(111) Surfaces”, Surface Science, 514, 309-318. (SCIE) (IF: 1.942; SCI ranking: 78.4%,65.2%)
  
  
• [95]     J. Beben, I.-S. Hwang, and T.T. Tsong*, 2002, “Morphology of ramified islands in growth of Ge on Si(111) using Pb as surfactant”, Surface Science, 507-510, 281-284. (SCIE) (IF: 1.942; SCI ranking: 78.4%,65.2%)
  
  
• [96]     J. Beben, I.-S. Hwang, T.-C. Chang, and T.T. Tsong, 2001, “Model for Surfactant-Mediated Growth of Ge on Pb-Covered Si(111) Surfaces”, Physical Review B, 63, 33304. (SCIE) (IF: 4.036; SCI ranking: 38.7%,25.6%,31.9%)
  
  
• [97]     I.-S. Hwang, T.-C. Chang, and T.T. Tsong, 2000, “Nucleation and Growth of Ge at Pb/Si(111) Surfaces: Reaction-Limited Aggregation”, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 39, Part 1, No. 7A, 4100-4109.. (SCIE) (IF: 1.48; SCI ranking: 78.8%)
  
  
• [98]     M.-S. Ho, I.-S. Hwang, and T.T. Tsong, 2000, “Direct Observation of Electromigration of Si Magic Clusters on Si(111) Surfaces”, Physical Review Letters, 84, 5792-5795. (SCIE) (IF: 9.161; SCI ranking: 8.1%)
  
  
• [99]     T.-C. Chang, I.-S. Hwang, and T.T. Tsong*, 1999, “Direct Observation of Reaction-Limited Aggregation on Semiconductor Surfaces”, Physical Review Letters, 83, 1191. (SCIE) (IF: 9.161; SCI ranking: 8.1%)
  
  
• [100]     I.-S. Hwang, M.-S. Ho, and T.T. Tsong, 1999, “Dynamic Behavior of Si Magic Clusters on Si(111) Surfaces”, PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 83, 120-123.. (SCIE) (IF: 9.161; SCI ranking: 8.1%)
  
  
• [101]     R.-L. Lo, M.-S. Ho, I.-S. Hwang, and T.T. Tsong,, 1998, “Diffusion by Bond Hopping of Hydrogen Atoms on Si(111)-(7x7) Surfaces”, PHYSICAL REVIEW B, 58, 9867-9875. (SCIE) (IF: 4.036; SCI ranking: 38.7%,25.6%,31.9%)
  
  
• [102]     I.-S. Hwang, T.-C. Chang, and T.T. Tsong,, 1998, “Growth Mechanism and Morphology of Ge on Pb Covered Si(111) Surfaces”, Surface Science, 410, L741-L747. (SCIE) (IF: 1.942; SCI ranking: 78.4%,65.2%)
  
  
• [103]     I.-S. Hwang, R.-L. Lo, and T.T. Tsong, 1998, “A Study of the Dynamics of Point Defects at Si(111)-7x7 Surfaces with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy”, Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A, 16, 2632-2640.. (SCIE) (IF: 2.427; SCI ranking: 61.9%,53.8%)
  
  
• [104]     R.-L. Lo, I.-S. Hwang, M.-S. Ho, and T.T. Tsong, 1998, “Diffusion of Single Hydrogen Atoms on Si(111)-(7x7) Surfaces”, PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 80, 5584-5588. (SCIE) (IF: 9.161; SCI ranking: 8.1%)
  
  
• [105]     I.-S. Hwang, T.-C. Chang, and T.T. Tsong, 1998, “Exchange-Barrier Effects on Nucleation and Growth of Surfactant-Mediated Epitaxy”, PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 80, 4229-4232. (SCIE) (IF: 9.161; SCI ranking: 8.1%)
  
  
• [106]     .-S. Hwang, R.-L. Lo, and T.T. Tsong, 1998, “Mechanisms and Energetics of Site Hopping and Chemical Reactions of O2 Molecules at Si(111)-7x7 Surfaces”, SURFACE SCIENCE, 399, 173-189. (SCIE) (IF: 1.942; SCI ranking: 78.4%,65.2%)
  
  
• [107]     I.-S. Hwang, R.-L. Lo, and T.T. Tsong,, 1997, “Site Hopping of Single Chemisorbed Oxygen Molecules on Si(111)-7x7 Surfaces”, Physical Review Letters, 78, 4797-4800. (SCIE) (IF: 9.161; SCI ranking: 8.1%)
  
  
• [108]     I.-S. Hwang, R.-L. Lo, and T.T. Tsong, , 1996, “Continuous-Time Observation of Pseudo-Vacancy Diffusion at Si(111)-7x7 Surfaces”, Surface Science, 367, L47-53. (SCIE) (IF: 1.942; SCI ranking: 78.4%,65.2%)
  
  

發現與突破

• [1]     西元年：2021
  研究人員(中)：黃英碩、徐偉豪
  研究人員(英)：HWANG, ING-SHOUH, Wei-Hao Hsu
  研究成果名稱(中)：探索氣體在水中的狀態
  研究成果名稱(英)：Investigating states of gas in water
  簡要記述(中)：在傳統的認知中，氣體在水中只有兩種狀態:均勻分散的單一氣體分子及氣泡。本所黄英碩研究員及徐偉豪博士用穿透式電子顯微術研究包在石墨烯層中的氣體過飽和水，發現兩種主要新的結構:(1)多晶奈米顆粒(直徑數奈米)在液態水中 ，(2)籠形水合物結構 (整體大小約100奈米左右或更大)。在籠形水合物結構中，水分子形成多晶的籠形結構，內有很多包氣體分子的小籠，小籠間距4-8奈米。這些結構，特別是籠形水合物結構，可能解開很多關於氣體溶在水中的長久之謎，例如氣體溶於水中異常的熱力學性質、冰山模型、奈米氣泡、及氣泡形成前的微核等。此研究成果發表於Chem. Sci. 12, 2635 (2021)，Nature Chemistry的news & views也報導此成果 [Nature Chemistry 13, 212 (2021)]。
  簡要記述(英)：In the conventional paradigm of gases dissolved in water, only two states are assumed to exist: well-dispersed gas monomers and gas bubbles. Ing-Shouh Hwang and Wei-Hao Hsu employed transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to uncover two types of new structures in gas-supersaturated water encapsulated in graphene liquid cells: (1) individual polycrystalline nanoparticles (typically several nanometers in diameter) in liquid water, and (2) clathrate structures (often ~100 nm or larger in lateral size). In the clathrate structures, water molecules form a polycrystalline matrix hosting a high density of gas-containing cells (cell separation of 4-8 nm). These structures, particularly the clathrate structures, may resolve many long-standing puzzles about the dissolution of gases in water, such as abnormal thermodynamic properties, the iceberg model, bulk nanobubbles, and micronuclei that nucleate gas bubbles. The results were published on Chem. Sci. 12, 2635 (2021). It was also reported in news & views of Nature Chemistry [Nature Chemistry 13, 212 (2021)].
  
  
  
• [2]     西元年：2018
  研究人員(中)：黃英碩、李家瑋，江雅綾，劉紀廷，陳奕先，李超煌，陳彥龍
  研究人員(英)：HWANG, ING-SHOUH, Chia-Wei Lee, Ya-Ling Chiang, Ji-Ting Liu, Yi-Xian Chen, Chau-Hwang Lee, Yeng-Long Chen
  研究成果名稱(中)：水中空氣分子在脂質雙層的新角色
  研究成果名稱(英)：Emerging roles of air gases in lipid bilayers
  簡要記述(中)：本院物理所黃英碩、陳彥龍及應科中心李超煌帶領其同仁發現,溶在水中的空氣分子會聚集在脂質雙層膜內，影響脂質雙層膜的力學性質及穩定性。研究團隊利用差動共焦以及螢光顯微術量測脂囊泡膜,加上原子力顯微術量測支撐性脂雙層膜，相較在一般實驗條件下所製備的脂質雙層膜，去除氣體的水溶液中所形成的脂質雙層膜較軟且不穩定；而高濃度氮氣的水溶液中可觀察到脂質雙層膜的彎曲剛性與穩定性皆有提升，三元脂質膜的相分離現象則更為遲緩。分子動力模擬印證溶解在水中的氧和氮，會聚集在脂質雙層膜內，尤其氮分子停留在脂質雙層膜中的時間更長，對脂質尾端有更高的親和力是提高脂膜剛性的主因，可以定性解釋實驗所觀察到脂質雙層膜的彎曲剛性如何隨著氣體分子的濃度變化而改變。這些發現對於脂質雙層膜及細胞膜具有基礎而廣泛的影響，也意涵溶於水中的空氣分子可能對水溶液中很多其他物理化學及生物系統的性質及自組裝行為有某種程度的影響。
  簡要記述(英)：Ing-Shouh Hwang, Yeng-Long Chen of Institute of Physics, and Chau-Hwang Lee of Research Center for Applied Sciences, together with their co-workers, report enrichment of dissolved air gases in lipid bilayers, which affects the mechanical properties and stability of lipid bilayers in aqueous solutions. Experimental measurements were based on differential confocal microscopy and fluorescence microscopy on giant unilamellar lipid vesicles, and atomic force microscopy on supported lipid bilayers. In comparison to lipid bilayers in ambient solutions (without gas control), the bilayers in degassed solutions are softer and less stable. High concentrations of nitrogen increase the bending moduli and stability of the lipid bilayers and impede phase separation in ternary lipid bilayers. Molecular dynamic simulations verified the enrichment of nitrogen and oxygen inside the lipid bilayer in supersaturated solutions. The simulations found that nitrogen accumulate in the lipid bilayer, and higher nitrogen affinity to the lipid tails accounts for increased bending rigidity. This confirms experimental observations of increased lipid bilayer bending moduli with increasing gas concentration. These findings have fundamental and wide implications for phenomena related to lipid bilayers and cell membranes. The results also imply that dissolved air gases may affect the properties and self-assembly behaviors in other physical, chemical, and biological systems in solutions.
  
  
  
• [3]     西元年：2017
  研究人員(中)：黃英碩、Tatiana Latychevskaia、徐偉豪、張維哲、林君岳
  研究人員(英)：HWANG, ING-SHOUH, Tatiana Latychevskaia, Wei-Hao Hsu, Wei-Tse Chang, Chun-Yueh Lin
  研究成果名稱(中)：發散電子束繞射技術：觀測二維材料奈米級撓曲的新技術
  研究成果名稱(英)：Visualizing Graphene Ripples at the Nanometer Scale with Electron Diffraction
  簡要記述(中)：物理研究所黃英碩研究員帶領的實驗團隊與瑞士的理論學者合作，發展了「發散電子束繞射技術」，能觀測二維材料奈米級撓曲。研究顯示，實驗取得的高角度繞射訊號中夾帶著石墨烯碳原子的三維位移資訊。我們發現使用低能量發散電子束(50-250 eV)局部照射石墨烯時，可觀測石墨烯的奈米級撓曲，位移的靈敏度可小至1 Å 。由繞射圖形的細節可區分橫向及縱向撓曲，甚至可判定縱向相較於電子源方向為凸起或凹下。除了石墨烯，此項新技術將可運用於研究二維材料中奈米級撓曲的動態行為。此技術亦顯示，二維材料的三維形貌及應變將可能藉由演算法重建繞射圖形得以實現。
  簡要記述(英)：We have demonstrated that divergent beam electron diffraction (DBED) allows imaging graphene rippling at the nanometer scale. This work is a collaboration between the Taiwan team and Dr. Tatiana Latychevskaia of Switzerland. The experiments were carried out in Taiwan led by Ing-Shouh Hwang; theoretical simulations were done in Switzerland. The results indicate that the high-angle diffraction spots carries information about the three-dimensional (3D) displacement of graphene atoms. Displacements as small as 1 angstrom can be detected when imaged with low-energy electrons (50 – 250 eV). The out-of-plane and in-plane ripples are distinguishable by their appearance in the DBED patterns. This work indicates the possibility that the 3D topography and strain distribution of two-dimensional (2D) materials can be retrieved from the DBED patterns. It also offers a new technique to study rippling dynamics of 2D materials at a high spatial resolution and a high speed.
  

  主要相關著作：

  Tatiana Latychevskaia*, Wei-Hao Hsu, Wei-Tse Chang, Chun-Yueh Lin and Ing-Shouh Hwang*, 2017, “Three-dimensional surface topography of graphene by divergent beam electron diffraction”, NATURE COMMUNICATIONS, 8, 14440. (SCIE) (IF: 14.919; SCI ranking: 5.5%)

  
  
  
• [4]     西元年：2014
  研究人員(中)：黃英碩、呂奕賢,楊志文,方崇開, 柯賢真
  研究人員(英)：HWANG, ING-SHOUH, Yi-Hsien Lu, Chih-Wen Yang, Chung-Kai Fang, Hsien-Chen Ko
  研究成果名稱(中)：疏水固體與水介面之研究及微小封閉空間內的氣體排序
  研究成果名稱(英)：Study of hydrophobic/water interfaces and ordering of gases confined in a small space
  簡要記述(中)：疏水固體與水的介面是一爭議很大的介面，已有報導水中氣體會累積到此介面，形成二維及三維結構。但很多問題至今仍是個謎，例如：為何氣體會到此介面、此氣體結構為何、又為何這些結構能穩定存在。中研院物理所黃英碩領導的團隊以先進的原子力顯微術首度在石墨與水介面解析出氧及氮形成的數種結構，其中有二維有序結構(固態氣體)，二維無序結構，及三維似液態等結構，此發現似乎違背一般對相圖的認知，即常溫常壓下之氣體應為氣態，但過去有不少研究顯示，在室溫下鈍氣常以固態或液態方式存在固體內奈米級的空間。這些研究與我們的觀察顯示氣體在微小封閉空間內不能以一般巨觀氣體的相圖解釋，因此首度提出”介面誘發排序”來解釋這不尋常的結構，此觀念也為高密度氣體儲存技術提供一新方向。此論文發表於Nature系列的Scientific Reports 。http://www.nature.com/srep/2014/141126/srep07189/full/srep07189.html?WT.ec_id=SREP-639-20141202.
  
  此團隊也提出水中氣體分子傾向吸附到疏水固體表面，因為此表面提供了位能較低的吸附位置，因此疏水表面能有效捕捉溶解在水中的氣體分子，可用來理解水中生物如何有效獲取微量的氧分子及很多水中的現象。而在介面聚集的氣體分子團，由於分子間只有微弱的凡得瓦力，可視為低黏滯的液體以解釋疏水固體表面常見的邊界滑移現象，此流體力學的百年之謎可能就是此特殊介面氣體結構所造成。
  簡要記述(英)：The interfaces between water and hydrophobic solids are under highly debate among researchers. There have been numerous reports that gases dissolved in water can accumulate at this type of interfaces. However, many questions, such as why gases segregate to the interfaces, the nature of the interfacial gas structures, and the high stability of the gas structures, remain unanswered. With advanced AFM techniques, the research group led by Dr. Ing-Shouh Hwang resolved various structures of oxygen and nitrogen at an interface between water and a hydrophobic solid (graphite). These gas structures can be in two-dimensional ordered (solid gas), two-dimensional disordered, or three-dimensional liquid-like states under ambient conditions, which contradicts the conventional concept based on the phase diagrams of bulk gases. This observation is consistent with previous observations of solid or liquid nanoprecipitates of inert gases in solids at room temperature. These results clearly show that the ordering of gases confined in a small space cannot be understood with the phase diagrams of bulk gases. A new concept, interface-induced ordering, is proposed to explain this special thermodynamic phenomenon. This concept provides a new direction in developing techniques for high-density gas storage. The results were published in a Nature-series journal, Scientific Reports. http://www.nature.com/srep/2014/141126/srep07189/full/srep07189.html?WT.ec_id=SREP-639-20141202.
  
  The group also proposes that gas molecules dissolved in water tend to adsorb at hydrophobic solid surfaces, because this type of surfaces provide low-chemical-potential sites. Thus hydrophobic surfaces can effectively catch gases dissolved in water, which may also have implications regarding the breathing of aquatic lives and many phenomena in water. Since there are only weak van der Waals interaction among gas molecules, the liquid-like interfacial gas structures can act as a low-viscosity liquid to explain the boundary slip for water flow over hydrophobic solid surfaces. This long-standing puzzle in fluid dynamic may simply result from the special properties of the interfacial gas structures.
  

  主要相關著作：

  Yi-Hsien Lu, Chih-Wen Yang, Chung-Kai Fang, Hsien-Chen Ko, and Ing-Shouh Hwang*, 2014, “Interface-Induced Ordering of Gas Molecules Confined in a Small Space”, Scientific Reports, 4, 7189. (SCIE) (IF: 4.38; SCI ranking: 23.3%)