《澄社評論》全民減碳運動

■鄭天佐

能源是人類民生和經濟活動的原動力，《自然》曾刊登評論強調文明可看作為人類持續的新能源發掘與其衍生生產技術的開發。產業革命之後，人類生活所依賴主要能源為燃煤與石油，不幸的是，這些碳基燃料的使用，把儲藏在地下的碳在短時間內轉化成溫室氣體排放到大氣，使其大氣濃度逐年大幅度增加，造成地球表面暖化現象。

雖然科學家對地面溫度和海平面上升快慢未達共識，但是北極等地冰帽的融化，可清楚從衛星照片得到驗證。預料在二十二世紀初，地面溫度會上升一至數度，而海平面可能升高一至六公尺，到時全球多數海港會淹沒水中。更可怕的是天氣和環境的劇烈變化，可能給人類帶來前所未有的浩劫。因此聯合國有京都議定書的訂定，規範各國的溫室氣體排放量。

台灣有九十八％能源輸入自外國，國際加劇的石油爭奪和京都議定書的規範，都會嚴重影響台灣能源使用與穩定供應，以及民生與政經發展和國家安全。我們因應策略很多，下面是比較容易做到且不影響生活作息的方法。

一、推動全民減碳運動：台灣雖然不是京都議定書簽署國，但是我們必須訂定具體的減碳時程，積極推動全民減碳運動，以避免因減碳不力受到國際制裁而陷入能源危機。政府要以宣導教育民眾及企業界以身作則，從食衣住行和生產過程的全面檢討得到節約碳基能源的效果。有綠色能源可替代時，即使價格較高也要有以使用綠色能源為傲的精神。改進家電和生產機器的能源效率，也可減少溫室氣體的排放。另制訂新能源稅制，促成全民減少使用碳基能源的意願。

二、產業結構的調整：台灣產業著重在製造業，製造業不只使用大量能源，也是空氣和水的主要污染源。產業如何轉型，從現有結構往服務和智慧型產業發展是政府今後該積極推動和企業界該思考的方向。

三、儘速完成核四的建造：核能不會製造二氧化碳和其他溫室氣體，核燃料也不受短期供應變動的影響，所以若是從能源安全考量，核能是最可靠的主要和備用能源。我們必須在施工品質和運轉安全的確保之下，儘速完成核四的建造。（作者為中研院院士，澄社社員）（4/2/06，自由廣場）下面為未經編輯的原版

全民減碳運動 鄭天佐

能源是人類民生和經濟活動的原動力，《自然》曾刊登評論強調文明可看作為人類持續的新能源發掘與其衍生生產技術的開發。產業革命之後人類生活所依賴主要能源為燃煤與石油，不幸的是這些碳基燃料的使用，把儲藏在地下的碳在短時間內轉化成熱能和溫室氣體排放到大氣，使其大氣濃度逐年大幅度增加，造成地球表面暖化現象。雖然科學家對地面溫度和海平面上升快慢未完全達到共識，但是南北極等地冰帽的融化和冰島的碎化可清楚從衛星照片得到驗證。預料在本世紀末，地面溫度會上升數度而海平面則會升高數公尺，到時全球多數海港會淹沒水中。更可怕的是天氣和環境的劇烈變化，可能給人類帶來從未經驗過的災難和浩劫。因而聯合國有京都議定書的訂定，規範各國的溫室氣體排放量。

台灣有98％能源輸入自外國，國際加劇的石油爭奪和京都議定書的規範都會嚴重影響台灣能源使用與穩定供應，以及民生與政經發展和國家安全。我們因應策略很多，下面是比較容易做到且不影響生活作息的方法。

1） 推動全民減碳運動：臺灣雖然不是京都議定書簽署國，但是我們必須訂定具體的減碳時程，積極推動全民減碳運動，以避免因減碳不力受到國際制裁而陷入能源危機。政府要以宣導教育民眾及企業界以身作則，從食衣住行和生產過程的全面檢討得到節約碳基能源的效果。有綠色能源可替代時，即使價格較高也要有以使用綠色能源為傲的精神。改進家電和生產機器的能量效率也可減少溫室氣體的排放。另制訂新能源稅制，促成全民減少使用碳基能源的意願。

2） 產業結構的調整：臺灣產業著重在製造業，製造業不只使用大量能量，也是空氣和水的主要污染源。產業如何轉型，從現有結構往服務和智慧型產業發展是政府今後該積極推動和企業界該思考的方向。

3） 盡速完成核四的建造：核能不會製造二氧化碳和其他溫室氣體，核燃料也不受短期供應變動的影響，所以從能源安全考量，核能是最可靠的主要和備用能源。我們必須在施工品質和運轉安全的確保下，盡速完成核四的建造。（澄社社員）

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Taipei Times

Energy policy needs revamping

By Tsong Tien-tzou 鄭天佐

Wednesday, Apr 05, 2006, Page 8, Opinion

Energy is the source of human civilization and business activities. The British journal Nature has published a commentary stressing that civilization can be seen as the result of mankind's continued discovery of new energy sources and the derivation and development of new production technologies from these energy sources.

With the advent of the indus-trial revolution, we came to rely on coal and oil for our energy needs. Unfortunately, the rapid consumption of these carbon-based fuels has transformed carbon into greenhouse gases that have been emitted into the atmosphere. The concentration of these gases has accumulated over the years, resulting in global warming.

Although scientists still have to reach a consensus regarding the relationship between global temperatures and the speed with which ocean surface levels are rising, the thawing of the ice cap at the North Pole can be clearly seen from satellite photographs.

It is expected that by the early 22nd century, global temperatures will have risen by anything from one to several degrees and sea surface levels will have risen by 1m to 6m. By that time, most ocean harbors will have been covered by the ocean. More frightening, radical changes in the weather and environment may bring unprecedented disasters. This is why we have the UN's Kyoto Protocol, which regulates greenhouse gas emissions for signatory nations.

Ninety-eight percent of Taiwan's energy needs are covered by imports. The intensified international struggle over oil and the Kyoto Protocol regulations will have a serious impact on the nation's energy use, the stability of its energy supplies, daily life, political and business developments, and national security. There are many strategies to deal with these issues. The following strategies are relatively easy to implement and and will not have a major impact on our daily lives.

First, initiate a public movement to reduce the use of carbon-based fuels. Although Taiwan is not a signatory to the Kyoto Protocol, we must create a concrete timetable for reducing our reliance on such fuels and actively initiate and promote such reductions. We must do this so that we avoid becoming the target of international sanctions that could result in an energy crisis because our measures to reduce our reliance on carbon-based fuels are too feeble.

The government should inform and educate the public and industrial circles to set a good example, and conduct a comprehensive review of our basic needs, living conditions and production pro-cesses to reduce the use of carbon-based fuels. When green energy can be substituted, we should cultivate a pride in using such energy even if it is more expensive.

Improved energy efficiency of household appliances and production equipment can also reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases. A new energy taxation system should also be created to promote a willingness to reduce reliance on carbon-based fuels.

Second, make adjustments to the production structure. Taiwanese industry is focused on manufacturing, which not only uses large amounts of energy, but which is also a main polluter of air and water. Beginning today, the government should work actively to promote an industrial transition from the current structure toward a service or knowledge-based industry, and industry should consider such a transition.

Third, complete the Fourth Nuclear Power Plant as soon as possible. Nuclear energy does not produce carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, and nuclear fuel is not affected by short-term fluctuations in supply. This means that from an energy security perspective, nuclear energy is the most reliable source both for main and reserve energy needs. While guaranteeing construction quality and operational safety, we must complete the construction of the Fourth Nuclear Power Plant without delay.

Tsong Tien-tzou is a member of the Taipei Society and a research fellow at the Institute of Physics at the Academia Sinica.

Translated by Perry Svensson